Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the
induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that characterize …

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components of the tumour
microenvironment and play a significant role in tumour development and drug resistance by …

Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic adaptation is a vital hallmark and prerequisite
for macrophage phenotype transition. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an essential molecular …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous sensor of energy and nutritional status
in eukaryotic cells. It plays a key role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and multiple …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage
and disability. However, the specific mechanism of RA has not been thoroughly clarified …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) refer to connective tissue inflammation caused by aberrant
autoantibodies resulting from dysfunctional immune surveillance. Most of the current …

Dysfunction of macrophage polarization majorly contributes to the progression of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Polarization and functions of activated macrophages are closely …

Glycolysis has been demonstrated as a crucial metabolic process in bacteria infected
diseases via modulating the activity of pyroptosis. Macrophages are the most abundant …

Under conditions of oxygen sufficiency, tumor cells supply themselves with energy through
glycolysis, which is one of the causes of their rapid proliferation, metastasis and acquisition …

Abstract Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a crucial enzyme involved in glycolysis, which converts
glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and plays a significant role in glucose metabolism. HK2 …