The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO),
ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin …

Bilirubin has several physiological functions, both beneficial and harmful. In addition to
reactive oxygen species-scavenging activities, bilirubin has potent immunosuppressive …

Heme-oxygenase is the enzyme responsible for degradation of endogenous iron
protoporphyirin heme; it catalyzes the reaction's rate-limiting step, resulting in the release of …

Over 65% of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
(MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The …

The nuclear receptor PPARα is associated with reducing adiposity, especially in the liver,
where it transactivates genes for β-oxidation. Contrarily, the function of PPARα in …

Exercise is commonly prescribed as a lifestyle treatment for chronic metabolic diseases as it
functions as an insulin sensitizer, cardio-protectant, and essential lifestyle tool for effective …

The metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a condition of fat accumulation in
the liver in combination with metabolic dysfunction in the form of overweight or obesity and …

Bilirubin levels in obese humans and rodents have been shown to be lower than in their
lean counterparts. Some studies have proposed that the glucuronyl UGT1A1 enzyme that …

Abstract Background and Aims Resolution of pathways that converge to induce deleterious
effects in hepatic diseases, such as in the later stages, have potential antifibrotic effects that …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver
disease worldwide. Minerals including iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, fulfil an essential …