Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

Aging is accompanied by many changes in brain and contributes to progressive cognitive
decline. In contrast to pathological changes in brain, normal aging brain changes have …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease of the
motor system. It is characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor …

Mitochondrial failure has long been associated with programmed axon death (Wallerian
degeneration, WD), a widespread and potentially preventable mechanism of axon …

Spinal cord injury (SCI), a fatal disease in the central nervous system, is characteristic of
weak neuronal regeneration ability and complex pathological progress. Activation of …

Objective Changes in the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS)
may contribute to disease progression. Here, we systematically quantified ultrastructural and …

Many studies indicate an important role of microglia and their cytokines in the
pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia are the macrophages of the central …

Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the WFS1 or CISD2
gene. A primary defect in Wolfram syndrome involves poor ER Ca2+ handling, but how this …

Traumatic spinal cord injury exacerbates disability with time due to secondary injury
cascade triggered largely by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the lesion …

Introduction Peripheral nerve injuries have been associated with increased healthcare costs
and decreased patients' quality of life. Aging represents one factor that slows the speed of …