Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial, polygenic disease caused by
impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB are two major regulators of gene
transcription and metabolism in response to oxidative, energetic, and mechanical stress in …

Skeletal muscle exhibits superb plasticity in response to changes in functional demands.
Chronic increases of skeletal muscle contractile activity, such as endurance exercise, lead to …

The molecular pathways that are activated and contribute to physiological remodeling of
skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise have not been fully characterized. We …

OBJECTIVE—Insulin resistance associated with obesity and diabetes is ameliorated by
specific overexpression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms regulating …

Epigenetic changes are caused by biochemical regulators of gene expression that can be
transferred across generations or through cell division. Epigenetic modifications can arise …

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to regulate neuronal
development and plasticity and plays a role in learning and memory. Moreover, it is well …

Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise confer many of the health benefits of physical
activity and occur partly through alterations in skeletal muscle gene expression. The exact …

The effects of training on silent mating-type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)
activity and protein in relationship to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator …

The glucose transporter GLUT4 is critical for skeletal muscle glucose uptake in response to
insulin and muscle contraction/exercise. Exercise increases GLUT4 translocation to the …