The goal of this review is to examine the fate of the hypertrophic chondrocyte in the
epiphyseal growth plate and consider the impact of the cartilage microenvironment on cell …

In addition to macrophages, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are involved in the tissue
reaction to a variety of biomaterials. Especially in the case of bone substitute materials it has …

The assumption that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies are capable of
augmenting physiological regeneration processes has fostered intensive basic and clinical …

Hypoxiainducible factors (HIFs) are oxygendependent transcriptional activators that play
crucial roles in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, and cell fate decisions …

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)—an oxygen sensor? The HIF–oxygen sensing association
type of dogma is, unequivocally, well anchored. But this is only one face of, at least, a double …

Intraoral bone grafting is routinely employed for implant site development prior or
simultaneously to implant placement. Bone graft consolidation is a complex biological …

In bone tissue engineering, growth factors are widely used. Bone morphogenetic proteins
(BMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the most well-known regulators of …

The mechanisms by which oligodendroglia modulate CNS angiogenesis remain elusive.
Previous in vitro data suggest that oligodendroglia regulate CNS endothelial cell …

Articular cartilage has poor capability for repair following trauma or degenerative pathology
due to avascular property, low cell density and migratory ability. Discovery of novel …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in the number of sinusoidal
and arterial capillaries in the bone marrow and reduced bone perfusion. Thus, osteogenesis …