Social interactions are a ubiquitous feature of the lives of vertebrate species. These may be
cooperative or competitive, and shape the dynamics of social systems, with profound effects …

The perinatal period is a sensitive time in mammalian development that can have long-
lasting consequences on offspring phenotype via maternal effects. Maternal effects have …

Reproductive costs represent a significant proportion of a mammalian female's energy
budget. Estimates of reproductive costs are needed for understanding how alterations to …

Among mammals, primipara who initiate reproduction before full maturity can be constrained
in their maternal investment, both due to fewer somatic resources and tradeoffs between …

The phenotypes observed in urban and rural environments are often distinct; however, it
remains unclear how these novel urban phenotypes arise. Hormone-mediated maternal …

The ability to provision offspring with milk is a significant adaptive feature of mammals that
allows for considerable maternal regulation of offspring beyond gestation, as milk provides …

Abstract Analysis of glucocorticoid profiles serves as a valuable, multi-faceted tool for insight
into the behavior and physiology of wild populations. Recently, the measurement of fecal …

Objectives Both the immune system of human milk and milk cortisol have complex short‐and
long‐term effects on child health and development. As understanding continues to grow of …

Objectives Human milk content varies across mother–child dyads, environments, and
populations. Among the hormones in milk is cortisol, a glucocorticoid; its impact on the …

Abstract The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis describes
how maternal stress exposures experienced during critical periods of perinatal life are linked …