Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease leading to mortality and morbidity in
the civilized world. Atherosclerosis manifests as an accumulation of plaques in the intimal …

Diabetic patients are frequently affected by coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), a
condition consisting of a combination of altered vasomotion and long-term structural change …

Background: Frailty is a multidimensional condition often diagnosed in older adults with
hypertension and diabetes, and both these conditions are associated with endothelial …

Objective Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common chronic kidney disease (CKD)
and has the highest prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) globally, owing mostly …

Background and aims Scar tissue accumulation in organs is the underlying cause of many
fibrotic diseases. Due to the extensive array of organs affected, the long-term nature of …

Abstract The first endothelin (ET)-1 receptor antagonist was approved for clinical use over
20 years ago, but to date this class of compounds has been limited to treating pulmonary …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe and common complication and affects a quarter
of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress and inflammation related to …

Cardiorenal syndrome consists in the coexistence of acute or chronic dysfunction of heart
and kidneys resulting in a cascade of feedback mechanisms and causing damage to both …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a heterogeneous group of metabolic
liver diseases and is characterized by the presence of steatosis in at least 5% of …

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been linked to beneficial effects
on cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, body weight, and lipid profile, according to a …