Sustained hepatic inflammation is an important factor in progression of chronic liver
diseases, including hepatitis C or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver inflammation is …

During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the presence of HBV-specific antibody producing B
cells and functional HBV-specific T cells (with helper or cytotoxic effects) ultimately …

Chronic HBV (CHB) infection suppresses virus-specific T cells, but its impact on humoral
immunity has been poorly analyzed. Here, we developed a dual-staining method that …

Although robust and highly effective anti-viral T cells contribute to the clearance of many
acute infections, viral persistence is associated with the development of functionally inferior …

Chemokine CXC motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), originally identified as a B-cell chemokine, plays
an important role in the immune system. The interaction between CXCL13 and its receptor …

Background & Aims The role of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD4 T cells in patients with
chronic HBV infection is not clear. Thus, we aimed to elucidate this in patients with chronic …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause a large proportion of acute and
chronic liver disease worldwide. Over the past decades many immunological studies …

The liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of
adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive …

Background and Aims GS‐9688 (selgantolimod) is an oral selective small molecule agonist
of toll‐like receptor 8 in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. In this …

Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells have been identified as counterparts of germinal
center Tfh (GC Tfh) cells in humans and can support T-dependent B cell maturation and …