In the natural environment, plants are often bombarded by a combination of abiotic (such as
drought, salt, heat or cold) and biotic (necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens) stresses …

Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The
Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes,
leading to plant development and to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Intracellular …

Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex
environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous …

Ca2+ signals are a core regulator of plant cell physiology and cellular responses to the
environment. The channels, pumps, and carriers that underlie Ca2+ homeostasis provide …

Ca2+ signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental
processes of plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result …

The SnRK2 family members are plant-specific serine/threonine kinases involved in plant
response to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent plant development …

Calcium is a universal secondary messenger that triggers many cellular responses.
However, it is unclear how a calcium signal is coordinately decoded by different calcium …

Stimulus-specific accumulation of second messengers like reactive oxygen species (ROS)
and Ca 2+ are central to many signaling and regulation processes in plants. However …

Ca2+ ions play a vital role as second messengers in plant cells during various
developmental processes and in response to environmental stimuli. Plants have evolved a …