Despite their ubiquitous presence, placebos and placebo effects retain an ambiguous and
unsettling presence in biomedicine. Specifically focused on chronic pain, this review …

Chronic, pathological pain remains a global health problem and a challenge to basic and
clinical sciences. A major obstacle to preventing, treating, or reverting chronic pain has been …

Importance After an infection by SARS-CoV-2, many patients present with persistent
physical symptoms that may impair their quality of life. Beliefs regarding the causes of these …

The relationship between the conscious experience of physical symptoms and indicators of
objective physiological dysfunction is highly variable and depends on characteristics of the …

Pain is an integrative phenomenon that results from dynamic interactions between sensory
and contextual (ie, cognitive, emotional, and motivational) processes. In the brain the …

Functional somatic syndromes (FSS), like irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia and other
symptoms reflecting bodily distress, are common in practically all areas of medicine …

Pharmacological strategies for pain management have primarily focused on dampening
ascending neurotransmission and on opioid receptor–mediated therapies. Little is known …

Pain is a subjective sensory experience that can, mostly, be reported but cannot be directly
measured or quantified. Nevertheless, a suite of biomarkers related to mechanisms, neural …

Preference-based decisions are essential for survival, for instance, when deciding what we
should (not) eat. Despite their importance, preference-based decisions are surprisingly …

The standard and ideal biomedical model of symptom perception treats the brain largely as
a passive stimulus-driven organ. It embraces the notion that the brain absorbs sensory …