Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder affecting~ 15% of the general population.
Ranking second in the list of years lived with disability (YLD), people living with migraine are …

The traditional model of dry eye disease based on tear deficiency has presented us with
many unanswered questions. Recent studies support the notion that dry eye-like symptoms …

Migraine is a common neurological disorder which affects 15–20% of the population; it has a
high socioeconomic impact through treatment and loss of productivity. Current forms of …

The brain responds differently to environmental and internal signals that relate to the stage
of development of neural systems. While genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to a …

(Headache 2011; 51: 905‐922) A number of pain conditions, acute as well as chronic, are
much more prevalent in women, such as temporomandibular disorder (TMD), irritable bowel …

Results: The relationship between estrogen levels and TMD was found in seven out of nine
reviewed papers. Results from two papers suggest that a high estrogen level is associated …

(Headache 2011; 51: 674‐692) Objective.—The objectives of this study were to develop a
preclinical rodent model that produces migraine‐like behaviors based on International …

Women disproportionately suffer from many deep tissue pain conditions. Experimental
studies show that women have lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings and less tolerance …

Background: Mechanisms for how environmental chemicals might influence pain has
received little attention. Epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors such as …

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common, debilitating neuropathic face pain syndrome often
resistant to therapy. The familial clustering of TN cases suggests that genetic factors play a …