Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA
receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals. RA-RARs can activate or …

Retinoic acid (RA) signalling has a central role during vertebrate development. RA
synthesized in specific locations regulates transcription by interacting with nuclear RA …

Efforts to study the development and function of the human cerebral cortex in health and
disease have been limited by the availability of model systems. Extrapolating from our …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are often used to investigate BBB function and screen
brain-penetrating therapeutics, but it has been difficult to construct a human model that …

Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, is an essential component of cell-cell signaling
during vertebrate organogenesis. In early development, retinoic acid organizes the trunk by …

The identification of neurological symptoms caused by vitamin A deficiency pointed to a
critical, early developmental role of vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). The …

The requirement for vitamin A in reproduction was first recognized in the early 1900's, and its
importance in the eyes of developing embryos was realized shortly after. A greater …

Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in the induction of neural differentiation, motor axon outgrowth
and neural patterning. Like other developmental molecules, RA continues to play a role after …

Retinoids comprise a group of compounds each composed of three basic parts: a
trimethylated cyclohexene ring that is a bulky hydrophobic group, a conjugated tetraene side …

The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given
to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models …