This document reviews 1) the measurement properties of commonly used exercise tests in
patients with chronic respiratory diseases and 2) published studies on their utilty and/or …

The flagship title from the prestigious American College of Sports Medicine, this critical
handbook delivers scientifically based, evidence-informed standards to prepare you for …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a significant cause of global
morbidity and mortality, with a substantial economic impact. Recent changes in the Global …

Rationale: Bronchodilation and exercise training (ExT) improve exercise tolerance in
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, behavior …

Exercise intolerance is a key element in the pathophysiology and course of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). As such, evaluating exercise tolerance has …

Background Measuring dyspnea intensity associated with exercise provides insights into
dyspnea-limited exercise capacity, and has been used to evaluate treatment outcomes for …

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is a hereditary condition characterized by low alpha 1
proteinase inhibitor (also known as alpha 1 antitrypsin [AAT]) serum levels. Reduced levels …

Background We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim to evaluate
the efficacy of long-acting bronchodilators on exercise capacity in COPD patients. Methods …

Background: The TORRACTO® study evaluated the effects of tiotropium/olodaterol versus
placebo on endurance time during constant work-rate cycling and constant speed shuttle …

The universal second messenger cAMP is generated upon stimulation of Gs protein‐
coupled receptors, such as the β2‐adreneoceptor, and leads to the activation of PKA, the …