Tumor metastasis is a multi-step process by which tumor cells disseminate from their primary
site and form secondary tumors at a distant site. And metastasis is the major cause of death …

Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in
cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been …

Profiling candidate therapeutics with limited cancer models during preclinical development
hinders predictions of clinical efficacy and identifying factors that underlie heterogeneous …

Patient-derived organoids resemble the biology of tissues and tumors, enabling ex vivo
modeling of human diseases. They have heterogeneous morphologies with unclear …

The RAS isoforms are frequently mutated in many types of human cancers, including
PAX3/PAX7 fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatric RMS arises from skeletal muscle …

Mammalian cells have multiple regulatory mechanisms to deal with perturbations in cellular
homeostasis, including feedback loops and crosstalk between the major signaling …

Numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the
insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a key role in the development and …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The tumor
microenvironment exerts crucial effects in driving CRC progression. Cancer‐associated …

IGF-1R inhibitors arrived in the clinic accompanied by optimism based on preclinical activity
of IGF-1R targeting, and recognition that low IGF bioactivity protects from cancer. This was …

The aggressive nature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mandates the
development of improved therapies. As KRAS mutations are found in 95% of PDAC and are …