SUMMARY The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system governs virulence, Mg2+ homeostasis,
and resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents, including acidic pH and cationic …

Many steps of RNA processing occur during transcription by RNA polymerases. Co-
transcriptional activities are deemed commonplace in prokaryotes, in which the lack of …

The EcoCyc model-organism database collects and summarizes experimental data for
Escherichia coli K-12. EcoCyc is regularly updated by the manual curation of individual …

Antibacterial agents target the products of essential genes but rarely achieve complete
target inhibition. Thus, the all-or-none definition of essentiality afforded by traditional genetic …

Transcription rates are regulated by the interactions between RNA polymerase, sigma factor,
and promoter DNA sequences in bacteria. However, it remains unclear how non-canonical …

Genomics has set the basis for a variety of methodologies that produce high-throughput
datasets identifying the different players that define gene regulation, particularly regulation …

We apply the theory of learning to physically renormalizable systems in an attempt to outline
a theory of biological evolution, including the origin of life, as multilevel learning. We …

RegulonDB is a database that contains the most comprehensive corpus of knowledge of the
regulation of transcription initiation of Escherichia coli K-12, including data from both …

In Bacteria, nucleoid structuring proteins govern nucleoid dynamics and regulate
transcription. In Shigella spp., at≤ 30° C, the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) …

Although the mammalian mtDNA transcription machinery is simple and resembles
bacteriophage systems, there are many reports that nuclear transcription regulators, as …