Iron is essential for life. Many enzymes require iron for appropriate function. However,
dysregulation of intracellular iron homeostasis produces excessive reactive oxygen species …

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB), as a crucial gate of brain‐blood molecular exchange, is
involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. Oxidative stress is caused …

Collagen has been widely used for cartilage repair, but its low stiffness and rapid
degradation disfavor chondrogenesis. Here we conjugated biocompatible carbon dot …

The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation
potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell …

Eukaryotic mitochondria resulted from symbiotic incorporation of α-proteobacteria into
ancient archaea species. During evolution, mitochondria lost most of the prokaryotic …

Newly generated neurons pass through a series of well-defined developmental stages,
which allow them to integrate into existing neuronal circuits. After exit from the cell cycle …

Oxidative stress is the subject of numerous studies, most of them focusing on the negative
effects exerted at both molecular and cellular levels, ignoring the possible benefits of free …

Background Within cells, there is a narrow concentration threshold that governs whether
reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce toxicity or act as second messengers. Scope of …

The human brain generally remains structurally and functionally sound for many decades,
despite the post-mitotic and non-regenerative nature of neurons. This is testament to the …

An account of the neurobiology of motor recovery in the arm and hand after stroke by two
experts in the field. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults and recovery is often …