In recent years, the disappointing history of translation in pain research has undergone
significant scrutiny. The escalation of knowledge and understanding related to presumed …

The Journal of Physiology and Experimental Physiology have always used UK legislation as
the basis of their policy on ethical standards in experiments on non‐human animals …

Diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes are prevalent endocrine disorders associated with
substantial morbidity and premature mortality. Vitamin K is known to have several beneficial …

Subdural haematomas (SDHs) are characterized by rapidly or gradually accumulated
haematomas between the arachnoid and dura mater. The mechanism of haematoma …

Background and Purpose—Neuroinflammation plays an important role in ischemic brain
injury. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important endogenous immune modulators. We tested …

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in secondary brain damage after stroke. Although
deleterious effects of proinflammatory cytokines are well characterized, direct cytotoxic …

Key points Mechanical and metabolic stimuli from contracting muscles evoke reflex
increases in blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. Little is known …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic network of membranes. Here, we
combine live-cell microscopy with in situ cryo–electron tomography to directly visualize ER …

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is caused by traumatic social experiences. It is characterized
by intense fear and avoidance of social contexts, which can be robustly mimicked by the …

Parkinson9s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive dopamine (DA) neuron loss in the
SNc. In contrast, DA neurons in the VTA are relatively protected from neurodegeneration, but …