T cells can acquire a broad spectrum of differentiation states following activation. At the
extreme ends of this continuum are short-lived cells equipped with effector machinery and …

Thirty years of foundational research investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms
promoting T cell exhaustion are now enabling rational design of T cell–based therapies for …

Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) limit its response
duration and magnitude. Paradoxically, Interferon γ (IFNγ), a key cytokine for cellular …

In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to prolonged antigen stimulation,
resulting in loss of function (or exhaustion) and impairment of effective immunological …

Suppression of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) by rapamycin ameliorates aging in
diverse species. S6 kinase (S6K) is an essential mediator, but the mechanisms involved are …

Ly6Clo monocytes are a myeloid subset that specializes in the surveillance of vascular
endothelium. Ly6Clo monocytes have been shown to derive from Ly6Chi monocytes …

CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a stable dysfunctional state driven by chronic antigen stimulation
in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Differentiation of exhausted CD8+ T cells (CD8+ …

During chronic viral infection and cancer, it has been established that a subset of progenitor
CD8+ T cells continuously gives rise to terminally exhausted cells and cytotoxic effector …

Abstract Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, widely known as immune checkpoint
blockade therapy (ICBT), is now the fourth pillar in cancer treatment, offering the chance of …

Summary Interleukin (IL)-6 is abundantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment and is
associated with poor patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of the …