The interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that protect against disease by direct effects
on target cells and by activating immune responses. The production and actions of IFNs are …

The recent approval of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines to combat the SARS-CoV-
2 pandemic highlights the potential of both conventional mRNA and self-amplifying mRNA …

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) represent an emerging global crisis. However,
quantifiable risk factors for PASC and their biological associations are poorly resolved. We …

The role of B cells in anti-tumour immunity is still debated and, accordingly,
immunotherapies have focused on targeting T and natural killer cells to inhibit tumour …

Outbreaks of severe virus infections with the potential to cause global pandemics are
increasing. In many instances these outbreaks have been newly emerging (SARS …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe and incurable autoimmune disease
characterized by chronic activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and production of …

The adaptive immune system consists of two types of lymphocytes: T and B cells. These two
lymphocytes originate from a common precursor, yet are fundamentally different with B cells …

TYK2 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in adaptive and innate immune responses. A
deactivating coding variant has previously been shown to prevent receptor-stimulated …

▪ Abstract The significance of type I interferons (IFN-α/β) in biology and medicine renders
research on their activities continuously relevant to our understanding of normal and …

The mitochondrial caspase cascade was originally thought to be required for apoptotic
death driven by Bak/Bax-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. It has also been ascribed several 'non …