Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the
gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough …

The topic of gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis has become the
forefront of research and reports in the past few years. The gut microbiota is a dynamic …

The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes
adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone …

Eating behavior and food‐related decision making are among the most complex of the
motivated behaviors, and understanding the neurobiology of eating behavior, and its …

Glucose homeostasis is mainly under the control of the pancreatic islet hormones insulin
and glucagon, which, respectively, stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by liver, fat, and …

Objective The learned associations between sensory cues (eg, taste, smell) and nutritive
value (eg, calories, post-ingestive signaling) of foods powerfully influences our eating …

Psychological stress is a global issue that affects at least one-third of the population
worldwide and increases the risk of numerous psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence …

Key Points Physiological Integration of Taste and Metabolism The tongue taste map that we
all learned in school is wrong; taste receptor cells responsive to each of the tastes are …

The communication between the gut and brain is crucial for regulating various essential
physiological functions, such as energy balance, fluid homeostasis, immune response, and …

Excessive consumption of added sugars is linked to chronic diseases, such as obesity,
diabetes, dyslipidaemia or cardiovascular disease; and public health is searching for new …