The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has
emerged as a critical innate immune pathway that, following engagement by DNA, promotes …

The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and
cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has greatly improved
the clinical efficacy of malignant tumor therapy. ICI-mediated antitumor responses depend …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has heralded a new era in cancer therapy. Research
into the mechanisms underlying response to ICB has predominantly focused on T cells; …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cancer cell death triggered by certain
chemotherapeutic drugs, oncolytic viruses, physicochemical therapies, photodynamic …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor
immunology. Several types of immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and …

Natural killer (NK) cells, which are innate lymphocytes endowed with potent cytotoxic
activity, have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. While NK cells …

The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family is composed of natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2 and
ILC3, which participate in immune responses to virus, bacteria, parasites and transformed …