The formation of multicellular microbial communities, called biofilms, starts from the
adhesion of a few planktonic cells to the surface. The transition from a free-living planktonic …

The Gram-negative envelope is a complex structure that consists of the inner membrane, the
periplasm, peptidoglycan and the outer membrane, and protects the bacterial cell from the …

On the stage of bacterial signal transduction and regulation, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric
guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has long played the part of Sleeping Beauty. c-di …

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. Biofilm formation
has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types …

Curli are the major proteinaceous component of a complex extracellular matrix produced by
many Enterobacteriaceae. Curli were first discovered in the late 1980s on Escherichia coli …

Microbiological contamination in the food industry is often attributed to the presence of
biofilms in processing plants. Bacterial biofilms are complex communities of bacteria …

Bacterial biofilms can cause medical problems and issues in technical systems. While a
large body of knowledge exists on the phenotypes of planktonic and of sessile cells in …

The formation of bacterial biofilms is initiated by cells transitioning from the free-swimming
mode of growth to a surface. This review is aimed at highlighting the common themes that …

Escherichia coli is a predominant species among facultative anaerobic bacteria of the
gastrointestinal tract. Both its frequent community lifestyle and the availability of a wide array …

For the past ten years, the developmental model of microbial biofilm formation has served as
the major conceptual framework for biofilm research; however, the paradigmatic value of this …