Reward seeking is controlled by conditioned stimuli (CSs). There is a positive relation
between mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) and the performance of learned reward-directed …

Cholinergic neuromodulation controls long-term synaptic plasticity underlying memory,
learning, and adaptive sensory processing. However, the mechanistic interaction of …

Cholinergic activation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is
thought to play a major role in cognitive functions and reward. These dopaminergic neurons …

As an essential component of ascending activating systems, cholinergic neurons with diffuse
projections are supposed to be involved in the regulation of cognitive processes such as …

Extracellular single‐unit recording and iontophoresis were used to examine the effects of
different cholinoceptor agonists and antagonists on the firing rate and firing pattern of A9 …

A major goal in psychology is to understand how environmental stimuli associated with
primary rewards come to function as conditioned stimuli, acquiring the capacity to elicit …

Although almost all auditory brainstem nuclei receive serotonergic innervation, little is
known about its effects on auditory neurons. We address this question by evaluating the …

The cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN) is one of the major ascending
arousal systems in the brain stem and is linked to motor, limbic, and sensory systems. Based …

The cytoarchitecture and the histochemistry of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and its afferent
and efferent connections to oculomotor structures are described. The functional significance …

The ability to learn about conditioned stimuli (CS) associated with rewards is a crucial
adaptive mechanism. Activity in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, as well as in …