In the mid-1960s, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were first identified in the extracts of
bone to have the remarkable ability to induce heterotopic bone. When the Drosophila gene …

Neurons require target‐derived autocrine and paracrine growth factors to maintain proper
identity, innervation, homeostasis and survival. Neuronal growth factor signaling is highly …

Retrograde signaling is essential for coordinating the growth of synaptic structures; however,
it is not clear how it can lead to modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and structural changes …

Troyer syndrome is a hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by human spartin (SPG20) gene
mutations. We have generated a Drosophila disease model showing that Spartin functions …

Altered expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3A, which is involved in protein
degradation through the proteasome-mediated pathway, is associated with …

Trans-synaptic interactions involving Neurexins and Neuroligins are thought to promote
adhesive interactions for precise alignment of the pre-and postsynaptic compartments and …

At the Drosophila NMJ, BMP signaling is critical for synapse growth and homeostasis.
Signaling by the BMP7 homolog, Gbb, in motor neurons triggers a canonical pathway …

Effective communication between pre-and postsynaptic compartments is required for proper
synapse development and function. At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a …

Phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate [PI (4, 5) P2] is a membrane lipid involved in several
signaling pathways. However, the role of this lipid in the regulation of synapse growth is ill …

ABSTRACT HTT (huntingtin) is a 350-kDa protein of unknown function. While HTT moves
bidirectionally within axons and HTT loss/reduction causes axonal transport defects, the …