Restrictive gender norms and gender inequalities are replicated and reinforced in health
systems, contributing to gender inequalities in health. In this Series paper, we explore how …

Importance Despite equal numbers of men and women entering medical school, women are
underrepresented in the upper echelons of academic medicine and receive less …

Importance Women are less likely to be promoted and hold leadership positions in
academic medicine. How often academic articles are cited is a key measure of scholarly …

Women remain underrepresented among faculty in nearly all academic fields. Using a
census of 245,270 tenure-track and tenured professors at United States–based PhD …

Background Across countries and disciplines, studies show male researchers receive more
research funding than their female peers. Because most studies have been observational, it …

Background In 2000, a landmark study showed that women who graduated from US medical
schools from 1979 through 1997 were less likely than their male counterparts to be …

Importance Previous studies have shown that medical student mistreatment is common.
However, few data exist to date describing how the prevalence of medical student …

In efforts to promote equality and combat gender bias, traditionally male-occupied
professions are investing resources into hiring more women. Looking forward, if women do …

In this perspective piece, we describe a multifactorial phenomenon whereby academic
women physicians become invisible in the mid-career stage. Barriers, both small and large …

The gender composition of physician specialties varies dramatically with some becoming
increasingly female predominant while others remain overwhelmingly male. In their analysis …