Background The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory
dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the …

Olfactory dysfunction is a common and early symptom of many neurodegenerative diseases,
particularly of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Asymmetry of dopaminergic neurodegeneration and subsequent lateralisation of motor
symptoms are distinctive features of Parkinson's disease compared to other forms of …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder classically
characterized by movement impairment. Pathologically, the most striking features of PD are …

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can occur early in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD),
and its presence increases the risk of developing dementia. Determining the cortical …

Hyposmia is common in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia
(PDD). We evaluated the pattern of olfactory functional connectivity (FC) in AD and PDD to …

The piriform cortex (PCx) is essential for the adaptive processing of olfactory information.
Neuromodulatory systems, including those utilizing serotonin, acetylcholine, noradrenaline …

Olfactory dysfunction is an early manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present
study aimed to illustrate potential differences between PD patients and healthy controls in …

Objectives: The mechanism underlying olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD)
remains unknown. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between sequential …

Clinical studies have shown that social defeat is an important cause of mood-related
disorders, accompanied by learning and memory impairment in humans. The mechanism of …