Multivalent vaccines addressing an increasing number of Streptococcus pneumoniae types
(7-, 10-, 13-, 15-, 20-valent) have been licensed over the last 22 years. The use of …

Capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which surrounds the bacteria, is one of the most significant
and multifaceted contributors to Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence. Capsule prevents …

Characterizing the genetic diversity of pathogens within the host promises to greatly improve
surveillance and reconstruction of transmission chains. For bacteria, it also informs our …

New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), 15-and 20-valent (PCV15 and PCV20),
have been licensed for use among US adults based on safety and immunogenicity data …

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide, despite inclusion in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) …

Colonization of the human nasopharynx by pneumococcus is extremely common and is both
the primary reservoir for transmission and a prerequisite for disease. Current vaccines …

Background A general recommendation for adult pneumococcal vaccination with 23-valent
polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) for adults 60 and older has been in place in Germany since …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of community‐acquired pneumonia leading to
high mortality rates. Inflammation triggered by pneumococcal infection is necessary for …

Despite its inclusion in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13), Streptococcus
pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in …

Background The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the
UK childhood immunisation programme in 2006 and replaced with a 13-valent vaccine …