Cytokines, most particularly TNF and type I IFN (IFN-αβ), have been long considered
essential elements in the development of autoimmunity. Identification of TNF in the …

Background The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene influences thymic self-tolerance
induction. In autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1; OMIM 240300) …

Diagnosis of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is preceded by the appearance
of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islets. However, almost nothing is known about …

Aims/hypothesis Evidence that the beta cells of human patients with type 1 diabetes can be
infected with enterovirus is accumulating, but it remains unclear whether such infections …

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a disease that results from autoimmune
destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The …

Enteroviruses are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
(T1DM). In this Review, the interplay between infection with enteroviruses, the immune …

" It is perhaps today, where a certain underevaluation-well, even disrespect-of scientific
research is growing-useful again and again to refer to the fact of how well suited the …

The lymphocytes from 59 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients and 38 normal control
subjects were examined for the presence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome by …

Aims/hypothesis Three hallmarks of the pancreatic islets in early human type 1 diabetes are
overexpression of HLA class I, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and beta cell apoptosis …

Type 1 diabetes is considered to be an autoimmune disease in which T lymphocytes
infiltrate the islets of pancreas and destroy the insulin producing beta cell population …