The advantages of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including low genetic
redundancy, functional simplicity, and the ability to conduct large-scale genetic screens …

Sleep function remains controversial. Individual perspectives frame the issue of sleep
function differently. We briefly illustrate how sleep measurement and the evolution, tissue …

In the last three decades the two‐process model of sleep regulation has served as a major
conceptual framework in sleep research. It has been applied widely in studies on fatigue …

Dendritic spines are the major sites of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.
Alterations in the strength of synaptic connections directly affect the neuronal …

Homeostatic mechanisms stabilize neural circuit function by keeping firing rates within a set-
point range, but whether this process is gated by brain state is unknown. Here, we monitored …

The sleep–wake cycle and circadian rhythmicity both contribute to brain function, but
whether this contribution differs between men and women and how it varies across cognitive …

Sleep is universal, tightly regulated, and many cognitive functions are impaired if we do not
sleep. But why? Why do our brains need to disconnect from the environment for hours every …

Sleep–wake disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are increasingly recognized
as a serious consequence following injury and as a barrier to recovery. Injury-induced sleep …

Prolonged wakefulness alters cortical excitability, which is essential for proper brain function
and cognition. However, besides prior wakefulness, brain function and cognition are also …

A commonly held view is that extended wakefulness is causal for a broad spectrum of
deleterious effects at molecular, cellular, network, physiological, psychological, and …