The AlphaFold2 results in the 14th edition of Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction
(CASP14) showed that accurate (low root-mean-square deviation) in silico models of protein …

Two of the most fascinating bacterial nanomachines—the broadly disseminated rotary
flagellum at the heart of cellular motility and the eukaryotic cell–puncturing injectisome …

Several gram-negative bacteria employ type III secretion systems (T3SS) to inject effector
proteins into eukaryotic host cells directly from the bacterial cytoplasm. The export gate SctV …

The bacterial injectisome is a structurally conserved, syringe-shaped nanomachine that
spans the Gram-negative envelope and forms a continuous channel for type III secretion of …

Virulence-associated bacterial type III secretion systems are multiprotein molecular
machines that promote the pathogenicity of bacteria towards eukaryotic host cells. These …

The flagellum is a sophisticated nanomachine responsible for motility in Gram-negative
bacteria. Flagellar assembly is a strictly choreographed process, in which the motor and …

The bacterial flagellum and the related virulence-associated injectisome system of
pathogenic bacteria utilize a type III secretion system (T3SS) to export substrate proteins …

Type three secretion is the mechanism of protein secretion found in bacterial flagella and
injectisomes. At its centre is the export apparatus (EA), a complex of five membrane proteins …

The proton motive force (PMF) consists of the electric potential difference (Δψ), which is
measured as membrane voltage, and the proton concentration difference (ΔpH) across the …

The bacterial flagellar protein export machinery consists of a transmembrane export gate
complex and a cytoplasmic ATPase complex. The gate complex has two intrinsic and distinct …