Diversity within the fungal kingdom is evident from the wide range of morphologies fungi
display as well as the various ecological roles and industrial purposes they serve …

Mutations are the source of genetic variation and the substrate for evolution. Genome-wide
mutation rates appear to be affected by selection and are probably adaptive. Mutation rates …

B chromosomes, also known as supernumerary chromosomes, are dispensable elements in
the genome of many plants, animals, and fungi. Many B chromosomes have evolved one or …

Abstract Knowledge of genetic determinism and evolutionary dynamics mediating host-
pathogen interactions is essential to manage fungal plant diseases. Studies on the genetic …

Many filamentous plant pathogens exhibit high levels of genomic variability, yet the impact of
this variation on host–pathogen interactions is largely unknown. We have addressed host …

Chromosome and genome stability are important for normal cell function as instability often
correlates with disease and dysfunction of DNA repair mechanisms. Many organisms …

Background Studying genomic variation in rapidly evolving pathogens potentially enables
identification of genes supporting their “core biology”, being present, functional and …

The ability to rapidly adapt to changing environments is crucial for the success of pathogens
infecting plants and animals. In some eukaryotic pathogens, rapid evolution can be …

Quantitative resistance is considered more durable than qualitative resistance as it does not
involve major resistance genes that can be easily overcome by pathogen populations, but …

In Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, all effector genes reported so far–also called SIX
genes–are located on a single accessory chromosome which is required for pathogenicity …