Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the major pathogens
implicated in human opportunistic infection and a common cause of clinically persistent …

Biofilms have conventionally been perceived as dense bacterial masses on surfaces,
following the five-step model of development. Initial biofilm research focused on surface …

Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms
behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the …

Bacteria in biofilms are embedded in extracellular matrix and display low metabolic activity,
partly due to insufficient diffusive exchange of metabolic substrate. The extracellular matrix …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits or eradicates Staphylococcus aureus in most in vitro
settings. Nonetheless, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are commonly isolated from chronically …

In vitro biofilms are communities of microbes with unique features compared to individual
cells. Biofilms are commonly characterized by physical traits like size, adhesion, and a …

The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients suffering
from chronic lung infections contributes to the failure of antimicrobial therapy …

In infections, bacterial cells are often found as relatively small multicellular aggregates
characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of phenotype, genotype, and growth rates …

The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa causes major
problems in hospitals worldwide. This concern is particularly significant in bloodstream …

Abstract Autoagglutination (Agg) of Bordetella pertussis is often observed in clinical
laboratory. However, its causal factors and frequency in circulating strains are unknown …