Physical or chemical restraint, with or without local anesthesia, has been extensively used to
perform diagnostic or minor surgical procedures in small ruminants. However, anesthetic …

Management of pain continues to be an important consideration in livestock on which
surgical procedures are performed. 1, 2 In these animals, a balance must be achieved …

Ruminants usually accept physical restraint well and that, in conjunction with local or
regional anesthesia, is often sufficient to enable completion of many procedures. Other …

Local, regional, and spinal anesthesias are safe, effective, often more desirable procedures
for ruminants than general anesthesia. Many procedures can be performed safely and …

Although general anesthesia commonly is used in cattle, there are some risks with its use.
Local or regional anesthesia is safe and effective and is still the most desirable procedure in …

This chapter describes the clinical swine anesthesia, routine surgical procedures done
during baby pig processing, hernia repair, and some common surgical procedures of the …

Simple Summary One of the most common surgical procedures performed in cattle is
abdominal surgery, and this procedure is routinely performed in the standing adult animal …

Bigham, AS, Habibian, S., Ghasemian, F., Layeghi, S. Caudal epidural injection of lidocaine,
tramadol, and lidocaine–tramadol for epidural anesthesia in Cattle. J. vet. Pharmacol …

Local and regional anesthetic techniques are preferred methods of anesthesia in ruminants
because they facilitate clinical work with the animal in the standing position, sedated or not …

Ingestion of indigestible foreign materials by cattle and buffaloes is a common problem
worldwide, known as foreign body syndrome (FBS)(Aref and Abdel-Hakiem, 2013). This …