Large-scale mapping studies have identified 236 independent genetic variants associated
with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis. However, none of these variants are found …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful approach for assessing the causal effect of
putative risk factors on an outcome, using genetic variants as instrumental variables. The …

Background and Objectives Decreased vitamin D levels and obesity are associated with an
increased risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether they also affect the disease …

Objectives We conducted a systematic review and wide-angled Mendelian randomization
(MR) study to examine the association between possible risk factors and multiple sclerosis …

Background: Higher childhood body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an
increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate whether childhood BMI has …

Recent data highlight the important roles of the gut microbiome, gut permeability, and
alterations in mitochondria functioning in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with both genetic variants and environmental
factors involved in disease susceptibility. The main environmental risk factors associated …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroimmunological disorder of the CNS with a strong heritable
component. The genetic architecture of MS susceptibility is well understood in populations of …

Background Multiple sclerosis is a leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability
among young adults worldwide. Prior studies have identified modifiable risk factors for …