Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

Infection by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania results in the development of
leishmaniasis, an increasingly prevalent group of diseases affecting over 12 million people …

Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are
associated with an increased risk of infection, which makes treatment of this condition …

Diseases caused by Leishmania present a worldwide problem, and current therapeutic
approaches are unable to achieve a sterile cure. Leishmania is able to persist in host cells …

Leishmania are protozoan parasites that predominantly reside in myeloid cells within their
mammalian hosts. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of …

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis, presents an
exaggerated Th1 response that is associated with ulcer development. Macrophages are the …

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects about 350 million individuals
worldwide. The protozoan parasite has a relatively simple life cycle with two principal …

The coordinating role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cellular function
is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory …

Neutrophils play an active role in the control of infections caused by intracellular pathogens
such as Leishmania. In the present study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil depletion …