Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are microvascular complications of
diabetes. Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be the major targets of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the worldwide population;
anaemia is a frequent complication. Inadequate erythropoietin production and absolute or …

Accumulating evidence indicates that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is involved in the
development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. A 2-hit model has been proposed …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury. Recent studies on the
pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury showed that …

Liver fibrosis is an intrinsic repair process of chronic injury with excessive deposition of
extracellular matrix. As an early stage of various liver diseases, liver fibrosis is a reversible …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the common causes resulting in a high
morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological features of CKD. Natural …

Abstract Rationale: The Notch and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathways
are two intracellular mechanisms that control fibrosis in general but whether they play a …

Hypoxia is characterized as insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and cells in the body and
is prevalent in many human physiology processes and diseases. Thus, it is an attractive …

Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which
requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening …

The pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and apparently multifactorial.
Hypoxia or decrease in oxygen supply in kidney tissues has been implicated in CKD …