The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially autism spectrum
disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), calls for more research …

There are over twenty rodent models of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with
most reflecting a recognized ADHD subtype. Of these, only five rat models (Neonatal 6 …

Nicotine has been recognized to trigger various neuronal disabilities in the fetal brain and
long-lasting behavioral deficits in offspring. However, further understanding of fetal brain …

Background Infant neurobehaviour provides an insight into the development of the central
nervous system during infancy, with behavioural abnormalities highlighting a cause for …

Nicotine, one of the more than 4700 ingredients in tobacco smoke, is a neurotoxin and once
used as pesticides in agriculture. Although its use in agriculture is prohibited in many …

Prenatal exposure to nicotine via cigarette smoke or other forms of tobacco use is a
significant environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The …

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of skills responsible for the cognitive control of emotional
states and behavior as well as for information processing required for learning and memory …

In rodents, prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) has been associated with increased risk for
development of cognitive and emotional disturbances, but the findings are somewhat …

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasing in popularity in the United
States. Prior prevalence estimates of e-cigarette use in pregnancy range from 1% to 15 …

In the central nervous system, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules are
mainly expressed in neurons, and neuronal MHCI have roles in synapse elimination and …