Determined to advance toward a post-oil era, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rapidly
transforming its economy and social structures. The country is targeting new industries …

Ecologists are often interested in understanding causal relationships from ecological data.
However, developed methods for causal inference, particularly for observational-based …

Growth and Decay of Coral Reefs: Fifty Years of Learning describes how coral reefs have
alternately flourished and declined over the last 50 years and the dynamics of these …

Marine heatwaves in the summertime when temperatures may exceed organisms' thermal
thresholds (“warm-season MHWs”) have huge impacts on the health and function of …

Reef corals depend heavily on their symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates of the family
Symbiodiniaceae, which are their primary source of metabolic energy and hence allow them …

Coral reefs in the southern waters of Malang Regency are characterized by wide reef flat
areas which are generally dominated by massive, encrusting, and branching corals. The …

The extent to which coral reefs have declined globally has triggered major scientific
investment in coral restoration research. However, much of the predictions for reef futures do …

Coral reefs in the southern waters of Malang Regency are characterized by wide reef flat
areas which are generally dominated by massive, encrusting, and branching corals. The …

Results Distinct coral biomarker profiles across the Pacific Ocean. To obtain a physiological/
phenotype profiling of Porites and Pocillopora colonies collected in reefs of different Pacific …

“Climate tipping elements” often refer to large-scale earth systems with the potential to
respond nonlinearly to anthropogenic climate change by transitioning towards substantially …