Gallstones grow inside the gallbladder or biliary tract. These stones can be asymptomatic or
symptomatic; only gallstones with symptoms or complications are defined as gallstone …

The importance of membrane transporters for drug pharmacokinetics has been increasingly
recognized during the last decade. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) …

Choledocholithiasis is a chronic common disease. The incidence of cholelithiasis is 5%-
15%, of which 5%-30% are combined with Choledocholithiasis. Although endoscopic …

Based on the recognition of common etiological and genetic risk factors, acute and chronic
pancreatitis are increasingly regarded as a continuum of the same disease, with a significant …

Organic anion-transporting polypeptides or OATPs are central transporters in the disposition
of drugs and other xenobiotics. In addition, they mediate transport of a wide variety of …

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and
biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has …

Gallstones occur in about one third of the patients having liver cirrhosis. Pigment gallstones
are the most frequent type, while cholesterol stones represent about 15% of all stones in …

Background—Serum bilirubin is an endogenous antioxidant that is routinely measured
before a statin is prescribed primarily to assess liver function, but the association with …

Pancreatitis is regarded by clinicians as one of the most complicated and clinically
challenging of all disorders affecting the abdomen. It is classified on the basis of clinical …

About 20% of adults worldwide have gallstones which are solid conglomerates in the biliary
tree made of cholesterol monohydrate crystals, mucin, calcium bilirubinate, and protein …