Precision Oncology seeks to identify and target the mutation that drives a tumor. Despite its
straightforward rationale, concerns about its effectiveness are mounting. What is the …

Cancer results from the acquisition of somatic alterations in a microevolutionary process that
typically occurs over many years, much of which is occult. Understanding the evolutionary …

Background Although the genetic spectrum of human colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly
characterized by APC, KRAS and TP53 mutations, driver genes in tumor initiation have not …

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is observed at different stages of tumor progression,
metastasis and reouccurence, which can be important for clinical applications. We used …

Mutation rates affect both a population's present fitness and its capacity to adapt to future
environmental changes. When the available genetic variability limits adaptation to …

Self-renewal is the process by which stem cells give rise to stem cells. Recent insights from
experimental and theoretical models suggest that self-renewal not only influences the stem …

Simple Summary Each cancer consists of billions of cells. These cells are far from identical;
hence, the population of cells that constitute a tumor is heterogeneous. A salient property …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancer types, and treatment
options for patients with advanced-stage HCC are limited. Neoantigens are newly …

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer caused by the accumulation of genetic
mutation patterns associated with epidemiological conditions. This lethal malignancy …

Intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) could represent clonal evolution where subclones with
greater fitness confer more malignant phenotypes and invasion constitutes an evolutionary …