Background Primary liver cancer has significant intratumor genetic heterogeneity (IGH),
which drives cancer evolution and prevents effective cancer treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 …

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) defines how new mutations spread through an
evolving population. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (dN/dS) has …

The advent and application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to tumor
genomes has reinvigorated efforts to understand clonal evolution. Although tumor …

Drug resistance represents an ultimate challenge for cancer treatment. The initial rationale
behind using chemo-treatment was the preferred elimination of fast-growing cancer cells …

Microbial populations often assemble in dense populations in which proliferating individuals
exert mechanical forces on the nearby cells. Here, we use yeast strains whose doubling …

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are a key characteristic of tumor development and
progression. The accumulation of various CNAs during tumor development plays a critical …

Viewing cancer as a large, evolving population of heterogeneous cells is a common
perspective. Because genomic instability is one of the fundamental features of cancer, this …

A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of human cancers grows as single clonal
expansions. In such a nearly neutral evolution scenario, it is possible to infer the early …

Our capacity to study individual cells has enabled a new level of resolution for
understanding complex biological systems such as multicellular organisms or microbial …

The agenda of pharmacology discovery in the field of personalized oncology was dictated
by the search of molecular targets assumed to deterministically drive tumor development. In …