Inflammation is a complex biologic response that is essential for eliminating microbial
pathogens and repairing tissue after injury. AKI associates with intrarenal and systemic …

Kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) have a crucial role in the damage and repair response
to acute and chronic injury. To adequately respond to constant changes in the environment …

Cytokines play an important role in host defense against microorganisms. They orchestrate
innate immunity by inducing protective local inflammation and systemic acute phase …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifactorial entity that occurs in a variety of clinical settings.
Although AKI is not a usual reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, it often …

Aims Nephrotoxicity is the hallmark of anti-neoplastic drug metabolism that causes oxidative
stress. External chemical agents and prescription drugs release copious amounts of free …

Kidney is a vital organ with high energy demands to actively maintain plasma
hemodynamics, electrolytes and water homeostasis. Among the nephron segments, the …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
and in turn, may cause or accelerate CKD. Therapeutic options in AKI are limited and mostly …

Sterile inflammation is a therapeutic target in many diseases where it represents an
important initiator of disease progression. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its …

Sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury (SI‐AKI) is common and associated with high mortality.
Survivors are at increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The precise mechanism …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and frequent condition in hospitalized patients.
Currently, no efficient therapy of AKI is available. Therefore, efforts focus on early prevention …