Persistent inflammation within the respiratory tract underlies the pathogenesis of numerous
chronic pulmonary diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and …

Perivascular inflammation is a prominent pathologic feature in most animal models of
pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients …

This review summarizes an expanding body of knowledge indicating that failure to resolve
inflammation and altered immune processes underlie the development of pulmonary arterial …

IL-6 is usually described as a pleiotropic cytokine produced in response to tissue injury or
infection. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 activates innate and adaptative immune …

Our understanding of, and approach to, pulmonary arterial hypertension has undergone a
paradigm shift in the past decade. Once a condition thought to be dominated by increased …

Background—Inflammation is a feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and
increased circulating levels of cytokines are reported in patients with PAH. However, to date …

At present, six groups of chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) are described. Among these,
group 1 (and 1′) comprises a group of diverse diseases termed pulmonary arterial …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling
of the precapillary pulmonary arteries, with excessive proliferation of vascular cells. Although …

IL-6 is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that is elevated in the serum of patients
with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and can predict the survival of patients with …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive accumulation of
pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) in pulmonary arterioles leading to the …