Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after
the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced …

Bacterial conjugation, also referred to as bacterial sex, is a major horizontal gene transfer
mechanism through which DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient bacterium by direct …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in microbial evolution, allowing microbes to
acquire new genes and phenotypes. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, aka …

Horizontal gene transfer has a tremendous impact on the genome plasticity, adaptation and
evolution of bacteria. Horizontally transferred mobile genetic elements are involved in the …

Salmonella enterica is a common foodborne illness in the United States and globally. An
increasing number of Salmonella infections are resistant to antibiotics, and many of the …

Bacterial conjugation as mediated by the F plasmid has been a topic of study for the past
65years. Early research focused on events that occur on the cell surface including the pilus …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) comprise a biologically diverse group of
translocation systems functioning to deliver DNA or protein substrates from donor to target …

Bacteria of the Xanthomonas genus are mainly phytopathogens of a large variety of crops of
economic importance worldwide. Xanthomonas spp. rely on an arsenal of protein effectors …