Mitochondria are functionally versatile organelles. In addition to their conventional role of
meeting the cell's energy requirements, mitochondria also actively regulate innate immune …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein innate immune complexes that regulate caspase-
dependent inflammation and cell death. Pattern recognition receptors, such as nucleotide …

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) show metabolic
alterations of CD4+ T cells through unclear mechanisms with undefined consequences. We …

Canonical functions of mitochondria include the regulation of cellular survival, orchestration
of anabolic and metabolic pathways, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling …

Immunometabolism, which is the metabolic reprogramming of anaerobic glycolysis,
oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolite synthesis upon immune cell activation, has …

Kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) have a crucial role in the damage and repair response
to acute and chronic injury. To adequately respond to constant changes in the environment …

The liver is a major organ that coordinates the metabolic flexibility of the whole body, which
is characterized by the ability to adapt dynamically in response to fluctuations in energy …

Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), a common event after renal transplantation, causes
acute kidney injury (AKI), increases the risk of delayed graft function (DGF), primes the donor …

Autoimmune diseases are chronic immune diseases characterized by dysregulation of
immune system, which ultimately results in a disruption in self-antigen tolerance. Cumulative …

Over the last decade, there has been significant advances in the understanding of the cross-
talk between metabolism and immune responses. It is now evident that immune cell effector …