Timing is critical to most forms of learning, behavior, and sensory-motor processing.
Converging evidence supports the notion that, precisely because of its importance across a …

Recent years have seen a growing interest in inhibitory interneurons and their circuits. A
striking property of cortical inhibition is how tightly it balances excitation. Inhibitory currents …

Oxytocin is important for social interactions and maternal behaviour. However, little is known
about when, where and how oxytocin modulates neural circuits to improve social cognition …

Sensorineural hearing loss induced by noise or ototoxic drug exposure reduces the neural
activity transmitted from the cochlea to the central auditory system. Despite a reduced …

Humans and many other animals have an enormous capacity to learn about sensory stimuli
and to master new skills. However, many of the mechanisms that enable us to learn remain …

Synapses are highly plastic and are modified by changes in patterns of neural activity or
sensory experience. Plasticity of cortical excitatory synapses is thought to be important for …

The basal forebrain provides the primary source of cholinergic input to the cortex, and it has
a crucial function in promoting wakefulness and arousal. However, whether rapid changes …

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons constitute a major neuromodulatory system implicated
in normal cognition and neurodegenerative dementias. Cholinergic projections densely …

Sensory organ damage induces a host of cellular and physiological changes in the
periphery and the brain. Here, we show that some aspects of auditory processing recover …

Sounds can arise from the environment and also predictably from many of our own
movements, such as vocalizing, walking, or playing music. The capacity to anticipate these …