The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in
HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential …

Drug resistance is prevalent across many diseases, rendering therapies ineffective with
severe financial and health consequences. Rather than accepting resistance after the fact …

Treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitors, a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART), often results in viral resistance. Structural and biochemical characterization of a …

The mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of cellulose in plants are complex and still
poorly understood. A central question concerns the mechanism of microfibril structure and …

HIV-1 protease is one of the major antiviral targets in the treatment of patients infected with
HIV-1. The nine FDA approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors were developed with extensive use …

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a human viral infectious disease caused by
the positive-sense single-stranded (ss) RNA Human Immunodeficiency Virus …

The structural and kinetic effects of amprenavir (APV), a clinical HIV protease (PR) inhibitor,
were analyzed with wild‐type enzyme and mutants with single substitutions of V32I, I50V …

HIV-1 protease inhibitors are part of the highly active antiretroviral therapy effectively used in
the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Darunavir (DRV) is the most potent of these …

Drug resistance is a major problem in health care, undermining therapy outcomes and
necessitating novel approaches to drug design. Extensive studies on resistance to viral …

Drug resistance continues to be a growing global problem. The efficacy of small molecule
inhibitors is threatened by pools of genetic diversity in all systems, including antibacterials …