In vitro three-dimensional (3D) cultures are emerging as novel systems with which to study
tissue development, organogenesis and stem cell behavior ex vivo. When grown in a 3D …

The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering
and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a …

Adult somatic tissues have proven difficult to expand in vitro, largely because of the
complexity of recreating appropriate environmental signals in culture. We have overcome …

Many protein‐coding oncofetal genes are highly expressed in murine and human fetal liver
and silenced in adult liver. The protein products of these hepatic oncofetal genes have been …

The endoderm germ layer contributes to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and to all
of their associated organs. Over the past decade, studies in vertebrate model organisms …

Enhancers are distal regulatory elements that can activate tissue-specific gene expression
and are abundant throughout mammalian genomes. Although substantial progress has …

Hepatocytes, like other epithelia, are situated at the interface between the organism's
exterior and the underlying internal milieu and organize the vectorial exchange of …

Tissue regeneration is a process by which the remaining cells of an injured organ regrow to
offset the missed cells. This field is relatively a new discipline that has been a focus of …

The liver is one of the largest organs in the body and is responsible for a diverse repertoire
of metabolic processes. Such processes include the secretion of serum proteins …

The mammalian liver is one of the most regenerative tissues in the body, capable of fully
recovering mass and function after a variety of injuries. This factor alone makes the liver …