While inbred mice have informed most of what we know about the immune system in the
modern era, they have clear limitations with respect to their ability to be informative …

Abstract The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an essential node in mammalian cells that
controls cell growth, migration, proliferation, and metabolism. During the last decade, a …

The transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells,
yet its expression is insufficient for establishing the Treg cell lineage. Here we showed that …

Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of fatality worldwide. Sepsis is a multi-step process that
involves an uncontrolled inflammatory response by the host cells that may result in multi …

INEFFICIENT vascular supply and the resultant reduction in tissue oxygen tension often lead
to neovascularization in order to satisfy the needs of the tissue1. Examples include the …

It has long been thought that clonal deletion efficiently removes almost all self-specific T
cells from the peripheral repertoire. We found that self-peptide MHC-specific CD8+ T cells in …

Group A streptococci are model extracellular gram-positive pathogens responsible for
pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis. A resurgence of …

This standard-setting textbook has defined the field of immunology since 1984, and is now in
its Seventh Edition continuing to deliver the detailed, authoritative, and timely coverage …

VIRUSES that are non-or poorly cytopathic have developed various strategies to avoid
elimination by the immune system and to persist in the host1–3. Acute infection of adult mice …

CD4-CD8-(double negative [DN]) alpha/beta T cells are a largely uncharacterized
subpopulation of unknown function. To investigate whether these cells are selected to …