The view that humans comprise only two types of beings, women and men, a framework that
is sometimes referred to as the “gender binary,” played a profound role in shaping the …

Observations of the disproportionate incidence of depression in women compared with men
have long preceded the recent explosion of interest in sex differences. Nonetheless, the …

Whereas a categorical difference in the genitals has always been acknowledged, the
question of how far these categories extend into human biology is still not resolved …

Long overlooked in neuroscience research, sex and gender are increasingly included as
key variables potentially impacting all levels of neurobehavioral analysis. Still, many …

Compelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions,
including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be …

Sex/Gender presents a relatively new way to think about how biological difference can be
produced over time in response to different environmental and social experiences. This …

In 2001 the Institute of Medicine, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences in the USA,
concluded that many aspects of both normal and pathological brain functioning exhibit …

In the twentieth century, the dominant model of sexual differentiation stated that genetic sex
(XX versus XY) causes differentiation of the gonads, which then secrete gonadal hormones …

Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of
anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models …

The topic of gender differences in creativity is one that generates substantial scientific and
public interest, but also courts considerable controversy. Owing to the heterogeneous nature …